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<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 11 (11.0.1) - Advanced IO and Tomcat</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 11</h1><div class="versionInfo">
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Version 11.0.1,
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<time datetime="2024-11-06">Nov 6 2024</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">16) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">26) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">27) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">28) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">29) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">30) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">31) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">32) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">33) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">34) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 6.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 6.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">Authentication 3.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Annotations 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Advanced IO and Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
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<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Asynchronous_writes">Asynchronous writes</a></li></ul>
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</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
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<p>
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<b>IMPORTANT NOTE: Usage of these features requires using the
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HTTP connectors. The AJP connectors do not support them.</b>
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</p>
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</div><h3 id="Asynchronous_writes">Asynchronous writes</h3><div class="text">
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<p>
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When using HTTP connectors Tomcat supports using sendfile to send large
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static files. These writes, as soon as the system load increases, will be performed
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asynchronously in the most efficient way. Instead of sending a large response using
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blocking writes, it is possible to write content to a static file, and write it
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using a sendfile code. A caching valve could take advantage of this to cache the
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response data in a file rather than store it in memory. Sendfile support is
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available if the request attribute <code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.support</code>
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is set to <code>Boolean.TRUE</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Any servlet can instruct Tomcat to perform a sendfile call by setting the appropriate
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request attributes. It is also necessary to correctly set the content length
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for the response. When using sendfile, it is best to ensure that neither the
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request or response have been wrapped, since as the response body will be sent later
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by the connector itself, it cannot be filtered. Other than setting the 3 needed
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request attributes, the servlet should not send any response data, but it may use
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any method which will result in modifying the response header (like setting cookies).
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.filename</code>: Canonical filename of the file which will be sent as
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a String</li>
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<li><code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.start</code>: Start offset as a Long</li>
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<li><code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.end</code>: End offset as a Long</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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In addition to setting these parameters it is necessary to set the content-length header.
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Tomcat will not do that for you, since you may have already written data to the output stream.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note that the use of sendfile will disable any compression that Tomcat may
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otherwise have performed on the response.
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</p>
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</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
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Copyright © 1999-2024, The Apache Software Foundation
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<br>
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Apache Tomcat, Tomcat, Apache, the Apache Tomcat logo and the Apache logo
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are either registered trademarks or trademarks of the Apache Software
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Foundation.
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</div></footer></div></body></html>
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